Glaucoma is a compilation of eye diseases. It is a disease that slowly and gradually damages the optic nerve. Glaucoma can lead to vision loss due to the degeneration of nerve tissue.

The eyes contain a fluid known as aqueous humor, which is responsible for the shape of eyes. In a healthy eye, there is adequate filtration of fluid.

• Fluid flow can sometimes be hampered during the outflow process. Excessive accumulation of fluid within the eye leads to an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP).
• Ocular hypertension refers to elevated eye pressure beyond the normal range. Individuals who have high intraocular pressure without any clinical signs of glaucoma are commonly referred to as suspects of glaucoma. This exerts force on the walls of the eye, resulting in destruction to the optic nerve.
• The optic nerve comprises over one million small nerve fibers. The degeneration of these nerve fibers leads to the emergence of visual blind spots and subsequent vision loss.

Glaucoma can be:

• Primary open angle glaucoma
• Angle-closure glaucoma
• Secondary glaucoma
• Normal tension glaucoma
• Congenital glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma Symptoms

• Open-angle glaucoma usually lacks early warning signs or symptoms. The condition progresses gradually and may not result in noticeable visual impairment for an extended period of time.
• Individuals with open-angle glaucoma often remain asymptomatic and fail to detect any initial changes in their vision.
• Vision loss is detected in patients when the disease has progressed and achieved an advanced stage.