A type of cancer that originates in the cervix is called cervical cancer. The uterus’s lowest point, which connects to the vagina, is known as the cervix. Cervical cancer is the world’s fourth most prevalent malignancy among women.

• Although the exact cause of cervical cancer is unknown, the sexually transmitted HPV virus is undoubtedly a factor. About half of all cervical pre-cancers are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) strains 16 and 18.
• Cancer-causing HPV can spread through sexual activity, either anal, vaginal or oral.
• Most people who carry the virus never develop cancer, suggesting that other elements, such as one’s environment or lifestyle choices, also have a role in determining a person’s risk of developing cervical cancer.

Early stage symptoms

• Bleeding after having intercourse.
• Bleeding between periods, heavy periods, or periods that last longer than usual.
• Increased vaginal discharge that occasionally smells bad and may contain blood.

Advanced Symptoms:

• Swollen legs.
• Abdominal ache.
• Being exhausted.
• Ongoing leg, pelvic, or back pain.

The following may help prevent cervical cancer in an individual:

• When having sex, put up a barrier like a condom.
• Try to limit sexual partners.
• Vaccinate against HPV – for both sexes, aged 9 to 45, the FDA has approved Gardasil-9. It offers defence against several HPV strains.
• Giving up smoking – may lower the chance of developing cervical cancer.
• PAP and HPV testing – Every five years, people between the ages of 25 and 65 should undergo an HPV and PAP test. If the doctor determines that the patient is at low risk after that age, they may be allowed to quit testing.

• Stage I – Cancer restricted within the cervix, has not spread and is mild.
• Stage II – has progressed past the uterus and cervix but hasn’t yet reached the vagina or pelvic wall.
• Stage III – has progressed to the lower vagina and might also have affected the ureters, pelvic wall, and adjacent lymph nodes.
• Stage IV – has progressed to the rectum, bladder, or other organs or body components, such as the bones or lungs.