Down’s syndrome or trisomy 21, another name for the genetic disorder known as Down syndrome, results in an individual having an extra copy of chromosome 21 at birth. In the body, chromosomes are collections of genes.

During pregnancy:

• Decreased fetal movements.
• Slower fetal weight gain as the pregnancy progresses.
• Early delivery and smaller baby than usual.

Symptoms in babies:

• Flat face
• Flat nasal bridge
• Small ears

Chromosome 21 has an extra copy, which results in morphological changes and developmental problems. But researchers are still determining the exact reason or the diversity of contributing elements.

Risk factors

• Late pregnancy – Women who are 35 years of age or more are more inclined to get a baby with Down syndrome as compared to those who become pregnant at younger ages. However, as more births occur, most babies are born with Down syndrome to younger mothers under thirty-five years.
• The likelihood of having another kid with Down syndrome rises after having a child already.
• Parents with a translocation in their gene are likelier to have a kid with Down syndrome.

• It is impossible to prevent Down syndrome as the exact cause is unknown.
• Before getting pregnant, people at a high risk of having a child with Down syndrome or who already have a child with the condition should see a genetic counselor.
• A genetic counselor can explain a person’s likelihood of becoming pregnant with a kid who has Down syndrome.

Down syndrome can cause several complications in individuals, as follows:

• Vision problems
• Dental problems
• Hearing loss
• Thyroid issues
• Seizures
• Obesity
• Leukemia
• Dementia