Cavities, dental caries, or teeth decay are holes in the hard surfaces of the teeth. They are indications of irreversible structural damage to the teeth. They begin small, but if ignored, they continue expanding and can lead to pain and infection.

Tooth decay symptoms include:

• Sensitivity of the teeth to cold or hot food or beverages.
• Tooth discoloration – white spot, black spot, or brown stain.
• Teeth that have visible holes or pits.
• A toothache or jaw pain.
• Inflamed or bleeding gums.
• Pus discharge from gums.
• An unpleasant aftertaste.

A variety of variables like the following might cause cavities to form:

• Oral bacteria – most commonly lactobacillus and streptococcus mutans.
• Dietary sugars – include glucose, sucrose, and fructose.
• pH of the saliva.
• Insufficient dental hygiene.
• Teeth with surface imperfections.

Here are some steps to prevent dental cavities

• Use fluoride toothpaste – At least twice daily, and ideally just after each meal, clean the teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride-containing toothpaste.
• Floss your teeth regularly – Use an interdental brush or floss between the teeth at least once every day to keep them clean.
• Use a mouth rinse – those at a high risk of developing cavities may use fluoride mouthwash as a dentist directs. For some patients, the dentist may prescribe anti-bacterial mouthwash.
• Regular dental visits – receive regular oral checkups and expert teeth cleanings to help discover or avoid issues early.
• Dental sealants – conceal the food-collecting grooves and pits, shielding tooth enamel from acid and plaque.
• Refrain from munching and frequently drinking to protect the teeth from continuous damage.

If left untreated, cavities may result in the following complications:

• Sensitive teeth.
• Tooth pain.
• Jaw ache.
• Tooth loss.
• Broken tooth.
• Issues with chewing and eating.
• Pain that limits daily activities.
• Loss of self-esteem or confidence after a tooth loss.